Saint-Leu-d'Esserent, Saint-Nicolas
capitals in each phase
S-LEU-E

Building Data for Saint-Leu-d'Esserent, Saint-Nicolas

  •  
  • Type: Abbey
  • Affiliation: Cluniac
  •  
  • Region: Picardie
  • Department: Oise
  • Coords: 49.218, 2.4219
  •  
  • Surveyed: 1969, 1977, 1980-83, 2003, 2005, 2015

Map

Virtual Tour

Studies These draft studies have been written as if all carvings were by an individual whereas they can equally be analysed as template modes employed by a number of carvers. The more personal approach was necessitated by the complexity of the data. The drafts will be reconsidered after I have added the rib vault material to the database.
X

These draft studies have been written as if all carvings were by an individual whereas they can equally be analysed as template modes employed by a number of carvers. The more personal approach was necessitated by the complexity of the data. The drafts will be reconsidered after I have added the rib vault material to the database.

Capitals for Saint-Leu-d'Esserent, Saint-Nicolas The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history, using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications. The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis. <p>I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements. A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign. One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals. <p>Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade. <p>While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time. This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated. <p>Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.
X

The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history, using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications. The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis.

I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements. A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign. One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals.

Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade.

While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time. This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated.

Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.

info Summary of studio practices in Laon Short version of history

1090

Phase 1 - 1090s [1092] - nave (a)

abbey had been founded in 1085, all that remains is the west wall, possibly west door, with two capitals
 
Rationale for dating : ex "pre-crusade study"; 1088 ex Faceter
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/WNaae(a)x.jpg
    • Fathead - 1090s [1092]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 1

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • Core template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/WNaae(a)z.jpg
    • Fathead - 1090s [1092]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 1

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • Core template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/WSaae(a).jpg
    • Comet - ! - 1090s [1092]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 1

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/WSaae(a)x.jpg
    • Comet - ! - 1090s [1092]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 1

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
1110

Phase 2 - 1110s [1112] - narthex (a)

narthex entry, totally restored
 
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-D-2-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1110s [1112]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 2

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-D-2-003.jpg
    • SS Master - ! - 1110s [1112]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 2

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (a)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-D-2-004.jpg
    • Strap-X - 1110s [1112]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 2

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (a)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-D-2-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1110s [1112]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 2

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-D-2-006.jpg
    • Aviateur - !! - 1110s [1112]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 2

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (a)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
1110

Phase 3 - 1110s [1115] - narthex (g)

Narthex to top of internal buttresses above vaults; R profile in doubleau, boss.
 
Rationale for dating : MCS - Duke and Duchess - Faceter - Gripple for 1118 - Rampant II
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E 012.jpg
    • Faceter - ! - 1110s [1115]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 3

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (g)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E 013.jpg
    • Faceter - !! - 1110s [1115]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 3

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (g)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E 014.jpg
    • Faceter - !? - 1110s [1115]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 3

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (g)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E 015.jpg
    • Faceter - ! - 1110s [1115]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 3

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (g)

    • Core template, details suggest another carver
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E 016.jpg
    • Faceter - !! - 1110s [1115]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 3

    • Saint-Nicolas - narthex (g)

    • Replaced or restored, with similar template
1160

Phase 6 - 1160s [1167] - east walls

walls of choir and towers with capitals and aisle vaults, but no work to ambulatory drum piers as this is where the earlier apse may have been.
 
Rationale for dating : ex "Timetables" MCS #8
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-6-001.jpg
    • Roquette - 1160s [1167]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 6

    • Saint-Nicolas - east walls

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-6-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1160s [1167]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 6

    • Saint-Nicolas - east walls

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-6-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1160s [1167]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 6

    • Saint-Nicolas - east walls

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-6-004.jpg
    • Pointed - 1160s [1167]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 6

    • Saint-Nicolas - east walls

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-6-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1160s [1167]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 6

    • Saint-Nicolas - east walls

    • total uncertainty
1160

Phase 7 - 1160s [1165] - choir (g)

choir gallery and arcade arches were supported on the old church because the capitals on the gallery jambs are earlier in manner to the ambulatory drums underneath, as in st Remi and Noyon; and as chapel and ambulatory vaults were built together, both would have been built at this time.
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Rationale for dating : [*MCS - Fabrice.
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-7-160.jpg
    • Pointed - 1160s [1165]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 7

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-7-161.jpg
    • Pointed - 1160s [1165]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 7

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-7-162.jpg
    • Tongue - 1160s [1165]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 7

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-7-163.jpg
    • Unknown - 1160s [1165]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 7

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-7-164.jpg
    • Unknown - 1160s [1165]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 7

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g)

    • total uncertainty
1180

Phase 12 - 1180s [1182] - choir (a)

ambulatory drums inserted under earlier gallery, dated to late 80s, so we presume demolition of older apse that had been supporting the vaults and the gallery
 
Rationale for dating : decadic range "The Ark" 1:468
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-12-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1182]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 12

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-12-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1182]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 12

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-12-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1182]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 12

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-12-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1182]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 12

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-12-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1182]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 12

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (a)

    • total uncertainty
1180

Phase 13 - 1180s [1184] - choir (g) 2

choir gallery wall and axial chapel, vaulted in 4 campaigns around these walls and the chapel from details in the little triforium windows
 
Rationale for dating : decadic range "The Ark" 1:473-4
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-13-001.jpg
    • Tongue - !! - 1180s [1184]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 13

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g) 2

    • Core template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-13-002.jpg
    • Tongue - ! - 1180s [1184]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 13

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g) 2

    • Core template
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-13-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1184]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 13

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g) 2

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-13-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1184]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 13

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g) 2

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-13-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1184]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 13

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (g) 2

    • total uncertainty
1180

Phase 14 - 1180s [1185] - crossing (t)

crossing triforium, and the lower flyer bonded with wall
 
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-14-001.jpg
    • Spiral - 1180s [1185]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 14

    • Saint-Nicolas - crossing (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-14-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1185]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 14

    • Saint-Nicolas - crossing (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-14-003.jpg
    • Spiral - 1180s [1185]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 14

    • Saint-Nicolas - crossing (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-14-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1185]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 14

    • Saint-Nicolas - crossing (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-14-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1185]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 14

    • Saint-Nicolas - crossing (t)

    • total uncertainty
1180

Phase 15 - 1180s [1186] - choir (c)

choir clerestory capitals and start of windows; the single openings in choir triforium external wall after lower flyers and in bays 2-3 clerestory the joint just below caps,
 
Rationale for dating : "The Ark" 1
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-15-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1186]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 15

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-15-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1186]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 15

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-15-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1186]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 15

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-15-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1186]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 15

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-15-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1180s [1186]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 15

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (c)

    • total uncertainty
1190

Phase 16 - 1190s - choir (v)

crossing and choir vaults.
 
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-16-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1190s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 16

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (v)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-16-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1190s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 16

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (v)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-16-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1190s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 16

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (v)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-16-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1190s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 16

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (v)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-16-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1190s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 16

    • Saint-Nicolas - choir (v)

    • total uncertainty
1200

Phase 18 - 1200s [1202] - nave (a)

nave capitals 4-8 piers and wall as pilier-cantonne.
 
Rationale for dating : decadic range "The Ark" 2:951
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-18-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1202]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 18

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-18-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1202]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 18

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-18-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1202]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 18

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-18-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1202]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 18

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-18-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1202]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 18

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (a)

    • total uncertainty
1200

Phase 19 - 1200s [1205] - nave (t)

triple openings in triforium external wall, and on south joint at clerestory walkway between profile and drip.
 
Rationale for dating : ditto
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-19-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1205]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 19

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-19-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1205]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 19

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-19-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1205]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 19

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-19-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1205]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 19

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (t)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-19-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1200s [1205]

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 19

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (t)

    • total uncertainty
1210

Phase 20 - 1210s - nave (c)

nave clerestory 5-9 with start of windows; there is a joint under clerestory sills, which may be why clerestory sills are 4 courses lower than in east, level with impost.
 
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-20-001.jpg
    • Unknown - 1210s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 20

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-20-002.jpg
    • Unknown - 1210s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 20

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-20-003.jpg
    • Unknown - 1210s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 20

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-20-004.jpg
    • Unknown - 1210s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 20

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (c)

    • total uncertainty
  • files/capitals/S-LEU-E/thumbs/S-LEU-E-20-005.jpg
    • Unknown - 1210s []

    • Saint-Leu-d'Esserent- Phase 20

    • Saint-Nicolas - nave (c)

    • total uncertainty