Saint-Denis-en-France, Saint-Denis
Building Data for Saint-Denis-en-France, Saint-Denis
- Type: Abbey
- Affiliation: Benedictine
- Region: Ile-de-France
- Department: Seine-St-Denis
- Coords: 48.935, 2.3598
- Surveyed: 1969, 1977, 1980-83, 1992-98, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2015, 2017
Virtual Tour
| Studies |
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These draft studies have been written as if all carvings were by an individual whereas they can equally be analysed as template modes employed by a number of carvers. The more personal approach was necessitated by the complexity of the data. The drafts will be reconsidered after I have added the rib vault material to the database. |
Capitals for Saint-Denis-en-France, Saint-Denis
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The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history,
using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications.
The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis.
I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements.
A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign.
One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals.
Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade.
While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time.
This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated.
Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.
X
The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history, using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications. The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis.
I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements. A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign. One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals.
Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade.
While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time. This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated.
Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.
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Phase 2 - 1120s [1125] - narthex (b)
Narthex foundations dug through soil and chalk to an uncertain depth, though photographs show some 9 courses of ashlar. The original bases were six courses lower than where they are today, as the floor was raised in 1806. The bases have concave facets around the roll: an extremely rare detail, found elsewhere only in the earliest parts of the north tower at Chartres and the castle at Etampes. The lower façade was built from regular beds of masonry measuring almost exactly the Roman foot of 295mm When examined over its entire height of 99 courses and one considers the pauses required while the mortar in the multitude of arches set, the rate of construction would have been about 8 courses per year, which was about average at that time.
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Rationale for dating : Dating analysed in AVISTA "Boundaries" article 23-28; for convenience dating is arranged in annual increments with an average construction rate of six to seven courses a year: analysed in "The Ark" 5:1173-; these dates have formed the foundation for the works of many carvers.
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 2
- Saint-Denis - narthex (b)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 2
- Saint-Denis - narthex (b)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 2
- Saint-Denis - narthex (b)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 3 - 1120s [1129] - w portal 1
West portals stage 1 with bases that were intended to be above head height. From discrepancies in the junctions between the jamb friezes and the decorated shafts (now in the Cluny Museum) the toichological evidence suggests these panels were carved over two (or three) campaigns during this and the previous years, during which time the height of the side panels was raised and, at a later moment, the central lintels lowered. The evidence lies in the decoration around the upper panels and the jamb figures, in the widths of the stones and their frames and in the necessary pauses while the upper stones were placed. One indication is the curtailed canopies over the upper jamb figures that would have been carved in an earlier campaign. Each vertical group of stones is illustrated separately as each group seems to have been the work of a different carver. These are more easily distinguished in the left portal than the centre or the right. For illustrated pdf go to blue navigation bar Explore Carvers/Articles/CARVED PORTALS/Anomalies ....pdf.
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Rationale for dating : Portal stages discussed in MCS #08:16-23 and #29. and in Articles in the Portals section. Phases are not the same as campaigns; a phase represents a section of work with details and capitals distinct from the adjoining, whereas a campaign is a period of construction under the control of one master separated by coursing breaks and observable changes in profiles.
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- Unknown - 1120s [1129]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 3
- Saint-Denis - w portal 1
- total uncertainty
| Phase 3a - north, jamb panels |
| Phase 3b - centre, jamb panels |
| Phase 3c - south, jamb panels |
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Phase 4 - 1130s [1130] - w portal 2
There are thin shafts flanking the jamb sculpture and the figures, entirely replaced. The remains are scattered, mostly in the in the Musée de Cluny. We do not know which locations they had. In those that flank the doorways it looks like additional ashlar was inserted to make for changes in heights.
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Rationale for dating : 1128/30 ex imposts discussed in #29:22-
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- Unknown - 1130s [1130]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 4
- Saint-Denis - w portal 2
- total uncertainty
| Phase 4a - colonnette (Cluny) | Phase 4g - colonnette (Cluny) |
| Phase 4b - colonnette (Cluny) | |
| Phase 4c - colonnette (Cluny) | |
| Phase 4d - colonnette (Cluny) | |
| Phase 4e - colonnette (Cluny) | |
| Phase 4f - colonnette (Cluny) |
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Phase 5 - 1130s [1130] - w portal 3
west portals stage 3 central capitals and imposts and start of erection of lateral archivolts; the intended height of the central portal was considerably reduced on erection as can be seen in the curtailed canopies over the upper jamb figures that had been carved earlier, as well as the adjacent right capital.
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- Unknown - 1130s [1130]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 5
- Saint-Denis - w portal 3
- total uncertainty
| Phase 5a - capitals to north door |
| Phase 5b - capitals to south doorway |
| Phase 5c - capitals to centre door |
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Phase 6 - 1130s [1131] - w portal 4
west portals stage 4 erect remaining archivolts and outer arch framing decoration; the erection was a slow process that would have been in tandem with the interior walls and the two levels of capitals that support the aisles and clerestory archwork.
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- Metalico - ! - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 6
- Saint-Denis - w portal 4
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 6
- Saint-Denis - w portal 4
- total uncertainty
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- Metalico - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 6
- Saint-Denis - w portal 4
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 6
- Saint-Denis - w portal 4
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 6
- Saint-Denis - w portal 4
- total uncertainty
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Phase 7 - 1130s [1131] - narthex aisle (a-)
lower capitals for aisle ribs, large single stones, placed at the same time as the erection of the lateral archivolts and their encasing buttresses.
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- Pietro - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 7
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a-)
- Core template
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- Pietro - ! - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 7
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a-)
- Core template
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- Pietro - ! - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 7
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a-)
- Core template
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- Flopsie - !! - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 7
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a-)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1131]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 7
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a-)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 8 - 1130s [1132] - narthex aisle (a)
upper aisle capitals to support doubleau and arcade arches with up to four layers of voussoirs.
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- Unknown - ! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 8
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Fabian - !? - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 8
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a)
- Possibly from core template, very uncertain
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- Fabian - ? - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 8
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a)
- Possibly from core template, very uncertain
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- SS III - !! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 8
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a)
- Core template
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- SS III - !! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 8
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle (a)
- Core template
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Phase 9 - 1130s [1132] - narthex clerestory (c)
Capitals for central vaults placed with erection of the arcade arches and the walkway on the west wall over the central portal which would have been complete by then.
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- Lapwing - ++ - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 9
- Saint-Denis - narthex clerestory (c)
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lapwing - ! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 9
- Saint-Denis - narthex clerestory (c)
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lapwing - !! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 9
- Saint-Denis - narthex clerestory (c)
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lapwing - ! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 9
- Saint-Denis - narthex clerestory (c)
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lapwing - !! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 9
- Saint-Denis - narthex clerestory (c)
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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Phase 10 - 1130s [1133] - narthex aisle windows
Completion of aisle windows set well into the cells of the vaults and therefore constructed at the same time, and with the external frieze over the central portal; sill to the west window that may be one of the widest constructed to this time.
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- Unknown - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 10
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle windows
- total uncertainty
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- Daniel - ! - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 10
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle windows
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 10
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle windows
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 10
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle windows
- total uncertainty
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- Arum II - ! - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 10
- Saint-Denis - narthex aisle windows
- Core template
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Phase 11 - 1130s [1132] - narthex raised vault
additional capitals on east side of central piers to raise the vault spring on this side only, on the opposite side springing remains at lower level; this may have been during the pause while the masons were waiting for the mortar of the vaults to harden; during this period they may have been able to continue with the arch structure of the central vaults, but little would have happened along the encasing walls.
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 11
- Saint-Denis - narthex raised vault
- Core template
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 11
- Saint-Denis - narthex raised vault
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1132]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 11
- Saint-Denis - narthex raised vault
- total uncertainty
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Phase 12 - 1130s [1134] - narthex w walkway
Shafts and capitals on each side of the western walkway and stairs to the towers; the string courses underneath the lateral openings into the towers have different profiles and are at different levels suggesting a number of campaigns at this level.
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1134]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 12
- Saint-Denis - narthex w walkway
- Core template
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1134]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 12
- Saint-Denis - narthex w walkway
- Core template
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- Lapwing - !! - 1130s [1134]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 12
- Saint-Denis - narthex w walkway
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lapwing - ! - 1130s [1134]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 12
- Saint-Denis - narthex w walkway
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Unknown - 1130s [1134]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 12
- Saint-Denis - narthex w walkway
- total uncertainty
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Phase 13 - 1130s [1133] - narthex responds (c+)
In the eastern clerestory bay capitals were added under the responds; floor of the towers laid and the west walls were raised higher than the side walls, presumably to provide lateral support for the rose window.
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 13
- Saint-Denis - narthex responds (c+)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 13
- Saint-Denis - narthex responds (c+)
- total uncertainty
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- Florentin - ! - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 13
- Saint-Denis - narthex responds (c+)
- Core template
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- Daniel - ! - 1130s [1133]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 13
- Saint-Denis - narthex responds (c+)
- Second template, seems to be same designer
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Phase 14 - 1130s [1135] - narthex side openings
capitals and arches over the openings on each side of the central space about the same time as the sills to the tower windows.
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- Unknown - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 14
- Saint-Denis - narthex side openings
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 14
- Saint-Denis - narthex side openings
- total uncertainty
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- Fabian - !? - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 14
- Saint-Denis - narthex side openings
- Placed here for convenience - will be moved when appropriate
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- Fabian - ! - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 14
- Saint-Denis - narthex side openings
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 14
- Saint-Denis - narthex side openings
- total uncertainty
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Phase 15 - 1130s [1135] - west exterior
west exterior window head with frieze and completion of the upper vault in north bays ready to receive the chapel; there would have been a pause while the mortar in the cells set and during this time they may have continued to work on the towers, the vaults underneath having properly set by this time.
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- Lapwing - !! - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 15
- Saint-Denis - west exterior
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Unknown - ++ - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 15
- Saint-Denis - west exterior
- Variation of master's core template, possibly with an associate
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- Lissier - ! - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 15
- Saint-Denis - west exterior
- Core template
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- Lissier - ! - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 15
- Saint-Denis - west exterior
- Core template
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- Lissier - ! - 1130s [1135]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 15
- Saint-Denis - west exterior
- Core template
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Phase 18 - 1130s [1138] - narthex upper chapel (aw)
Chapel openings with capitals and arches, arches for the vaults and wall around rose half way up.
Rationale for dating : Complete chapel vaults; 1140 dedication of the upper chapel.
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- SS Master - !! - 1130s [1138]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 18
- Saint-Denis - narthex upper chapel (aw)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1130s [1138]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 18
- Saint-Denis - narthex upper chapel (aw)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1130s [1138]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 18
- Saint-Denis - narthex upper chapel (aw)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1130s [1138]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 18
- Saint-Denis - narthex upper chapel (aw)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1130s [1138]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 18
- Saint-Denis - narthex upper chapel (aw)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 19 - 1130s [1139] - west towers (w)
Chapel vaults, plastered and painted ready for the consecration; maybe a little later the tower vaults and window heads, and completion of western rose.
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- Unknown - 1130s [1139]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 19
- Saint-Denis - west towers (w)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1130s [1139]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 19
- Saint-Denis - west towers (w)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1130s [1139]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 19
- Saint-Denis - west towers (w)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1130s [1139]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 19
- Saint-Denis - west towers (w)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1130s [1139]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 19
- Saint-Denis - west towers (w)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 20 - 1140s [1140] - choir (b)
choir foundations and bases, possibly begun earlier, with evidence for at least two, if not three, crews in the different layouts for the buttresses in the lowest courses.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1275; the dating of the choir is not based on the oft-repeated assumption that Suger completed this project to the main roof, an assumption that ignores Suger's actual words and had been questioned by Crosby himself, but is based on a similar construction rate to the narthex; the evidence is set out in my article in Avista, 1998.
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- Unknown - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 20
- Saint-Denis - choir (b)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 21 - 1140s [1140] - choir (u)
Choir crypt walls with their large windows and piers, much masonry and many capitals restored.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1241 and MCS #8:11; capitals carved probably early in 1141 MCS #8:11.
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- Unknown - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 21
- Saint-Denis - choir (u)
- total uncertainty
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- Olive - ! - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 21
- Saint-Denis - choir (u)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 21
- Saint-Denis - choir (u)
- total uncertainty
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- Vertical - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 21
- Saint-Denis - choir (u)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1140s [1140]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 21
- Saint-Denis - choir (u)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 22 - 1140s [1141] - choir walls (a)
Ambulatory walls seem to have been designed for a single passage and deep chapels supporting a groin vault; this phase incuded the window sills and wall, the capitals alongside the windows and the arches over them.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1254 and especially James "Gesta" 1993.
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- Metalico - ! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 22
- Saint-Denis - choir walls (a)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 22
- Saint-Denis - choir walls (a)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 22
- Saint-Denis - choir walls (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Victoire III - ! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 22
- Saint-Denis - choir walls (a)
- Core template
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- Fabian - !! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 22
- Saint-Denis - choir walls (a)
- Core template
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Phase 23 - 1140s [1141] - double ambulatory
Choir redesigned for a double ambulatory, rib shafts and higher capitals for the doubleau arches, marked '5' on the section where you can see that wokr would have stopped over the window arches while the work had to pause to give time for the mortar to settle.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1254 and Gesta 1993.
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- Unknown - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 23
- Saint-Denis - double ambulatory
- total uncertainty
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- Lunge - ! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 23
- Saint-Denis - double ambulatory
- Core template
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- Jerome - !! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 23
- Saint-Denis - double ambulatory
- Core template
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- Jerome - !! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 23
- Saint-Denis - double ambulatory
- Core template
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- Nested - !! - 1140s [1141]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 23
- Saint-Denis - double ambulatory
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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Phase 24 - 1140s [1142] - choir drums (a)
Choir intermediate piers; capitals carved by a separate crew to the previous.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1275
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- Unknown - 1140s [1142]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 24
- Saint-Denis - choir drums (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Lapwing - ! - 1140s [1142]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 24
- Saint-Denis - choir drums (a)
- Core template, details suggest another carver
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- Unknown - 1140s [1142]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 24
- Saint-Denis - choir drums (a)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1142]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 24
- Saint-Denis - choir drums (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Adrien - ! - 1140s [1142]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 24
- Saint-Denis - choir drums (a)
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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Phase 25 - 1140s [1143] - choir windows
Chapel window arches and external capitals.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1281
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- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 25
- Saint-Denis - choir windows
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 25
- Saint-Denis - choir windows
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 25
- Saint-Denis - choir windows
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 25
- Saint-Denis - choir windows
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 25
- Saint-Denis - choir windows
- total uncertainty
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Phase 26 - 1140s [1144] - choir (rc)
Choir cornice with the completion of the aisle vaults; there is no evidence that work continued above this level; as in the narthex the construciton rate was about 8 courses each year.
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- Unknown - 1140s [1144]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 26
- Saint-Denis - choir (rc)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1144]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 26
- Saint-Denis - choir (rc)
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1144]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 26
- Saint-Denis - choir (rc)
- total uncertainty
-
- Sprout - !! - 1140s [1144]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 26
- Saint-Denis - choir (rc)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1140s [1144]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 26
- Saint-Denis - choir (rc)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 27 - 1140s [1145] - north portal Stage 1
North portal stage I, left incomplete at the start of the crusade and the call for funds: see Avista, 2014.
Rationale for dating : Analysed in "The Ark" 5:1290
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- Unknown - 1140s [1145]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 27
- Saint-Denis - north portal Stage 1
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1145]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 27
- Saint-Denis - north portal Stage 1
- total uncertainty
-
- Heron - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 27
- Saint-Denis - north portal Stage 1
- Core template
-
- Heron - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 27
- Saint-Denis - north portal Stage 1
- Core template
-
- Unknown - 1140s [1145]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 27
- Saint-Denis - north portal Stage 1
- total uncertainty
|
Phase 29 - 1160s [1166] - n portal 2
North portal stage 2
Rationale for dating : Formal designs in capitals show has to be before 1170, though tympanum could have been later.
|
-
- Unknown - 1160s [1166]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 29
- Saint-Denis - n portal 2
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1160s [1166]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 29
- Saint-Denis - n portal 2
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1160s [1166]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 29
- Saint-Denis - n portal 2
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1160s [1166]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 29
- Saint-Denis - n portal 2
- total uncertainty
-
- Unknown - 1160s [1166]
- Saint-Denis-en-France- Phase 29
- Saint-Denis - n portal 2
- total uncertainty
