Châlons-en-Champagne, Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
Building Data for Châlons-en-Champagne, Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
- Type: Collegiate
- Affiliation: Benedictine
- Region: Champagne-Ardenne
- Department: Marne
- Coords: 48.957, 4.3635
- Surveyed: 1969, 1972-74, 1977, 1980-83, 1992-98, 2003, 2015
Virtual Tour
| Studies |
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These draft studies have been written as if all carvings were by an individual whereas they can equally be analysed as template modes employed by a number of carvers. The more personal approach was necessitated by the complexity of the data. The drafts will be reconsidered after I have added the rib vault material to the database. |
Capitals for Châlons-en-Champagne, Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
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The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history,
using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications.
The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis.
I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements.
A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign.
One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals.
Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade.
While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time.
This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated.
Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.
X
The building sequence is based on my on-site analysis of the construction history, using the techniques developed on the cathedral of Chartres called toichology, and described in a number of publications. The analysis of some of the smaller churches are more approximate than I would like, and need further analysis.
I have used 'phase' rather than 'campaign' to to identify a contiguous zone with similar elements. A campaign would be defined by recognisable breaks and construction joints in the fabric: there may be a number of phases within a campaign. One benefit is that separate programs by subcontractors, such as carvers, may be isolated, which is particularly useful in complex sections, such as portals.
Every phase has been assigned to a decade, so there may be more than one phase in a decade.
While this is certainly imperfect, it will allow us to explore all the data, including costs, across time. This is an on-going process, so as the data continues to be analyzed, the chronology and costing analysis will be further refined, and the synopsis updated.
Clicking on any of the decade graphics will display all buildings that had work being done during that decade.
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Phase 2 - 1120s [1125] - nave walls
nave and transept aisle walls with capitals on an alternating grid and presumably piers that have been replaced, not designed for ribs, though at least for timber roof over aisles.
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 2
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave walls
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 2
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave walls
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 2
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave walls
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 2
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave walls
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 2
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave walls
- total uncertainty
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Phase 3 - 1120s [1125] - crossing
all crossing piers with the transept chapels that have the same details in the bases and imposts; the coursing of the lower part of the south wall connects, but not above and not at all in the north while the crossing capitals and those at the level of the nave gallery suggest that the church had arches springing at that level for a low-ceilinged building, and that all was raised later.
Load More...
Rationale for dating : analysis in "The Ark" 4:224 [*MCS - Headman - Meander - Rameau on trip to northeast including Bruyeres and Urcel apse]
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 3
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - crossing
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 3
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - crossing
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 3
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - crossing
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 3
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - crossing
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1120s [1125]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 3
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - crossing
- total uncertainty
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Phase 5 - 1140s [1142] - W-w portal
west portal, capitals and sculpture. This work is lower than that in the south porch or the aisles, and seems to have been carved by different crews.
Rationale for dating : The designs by The Duke are in keeping with the increased complexity found in the aisles of Saint-Germain-des-Pres.
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- Theodore - ! - 1140s [1142]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 5
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-w portal
- Core template
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1142]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 5
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-w portal
- Core template
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- Duke - ! - 1140s [1142]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 5
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-w portal
- Core template
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1142]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 5
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-w portal
- Core template
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- Theodore - ! - 1140s [1142]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 5
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-w portal
- Core template
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Phase 6 - 1140s [1143] - W-s, porch
South portal capitals; those in the left aisle are from a different crew to those in the right.
Rationale for dating : Imposts discussed in #29:31-; analysis in "The Ark", 4:241. xxxx and Gregoire carved together on the one panel. Sauerlander dated this to the 1150s, stated as an opinion without evidence. It manerisms and artistic "feel" place it clearly before the Crusade, not after.
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- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 6
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-s, porch
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 6
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-s, porch
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1140s [1143]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 6
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-s, porch
- total uncertainty
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- Pecker II - !! - 1140s [1143]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 6
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-s, porch
- Second template, seems to be same designer
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- Pecker II - !! - 1140s [1143]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 6
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - W-s, porch
- Second template, seems to be same designer
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Phase 7 - 1140s [1145] - nave piers
nave piers, capitals are largely replaced, but in what seems a sympathetic manner, if over-florid.
Rationale for dating : Analysis in "The Ark" 4:248 [*MCS - the Duke and Felix designs appear in restored capitals]
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 7
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave piers
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 7
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave piers
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 7
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave piers
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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- Duke - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 7
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave piers
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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- Jerome - !! - 1140s [1145]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 7
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave piers
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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Phase 8 - 1150s [1155] - transept (g)
Transept gallery openings and capitals, and is the latest moment to show they intended to raise the height 25 years after laying the capitals below the gallery string; includes column-figures in the eastern crossing, and corner shafts for a rib vault over the crossing, un bonded coursing shows where work steps down into the transepts
Load More...
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- Unknown - 1150s [1155]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 8
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - transept (g)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1150s [1155]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 8
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - transept (g)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 12 - 1160s [1165] - nave (gb)
Complete the nave aisle vaults and build the string at the level of the floor of the gallery with capitals facing into the main hall of the nave; presumably these capitals were intended to support a lower vault or cross arches, an idea that was abandoned when the gallery piers were designed.
Load More...
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- Unknown - 1160s [1165]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 12
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (gb)
- total uncertainty
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- GrippleSon - ! - 1160s [1165]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 12
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (gb)
- Replaced or restored, with similar template
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- Lazare - 1160s [1165]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 12
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (gb)
- Core template
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- Flopsie - 1160s [1165]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 12
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (gb)
- Core template
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- Unknown - 1160s [1165]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 12
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (gb)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 16 - 1170s [1173] - nave (g)
Nave gallery caps and vaults. The range suggests the nave arrangement is some 5 years earlier than the same work in the choir. It is 3 courses shorter than choir.
Rationale for dating : The Transition "The Ark" 1:112 [*MCS - Strapper mode for 1173]
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- Unknown - 1170s [1173]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 16
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (g)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1173]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 16
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (g)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1173]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 16
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (g)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1173]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 16
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (g)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1173]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 16
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (g)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 17 - 1170s [1174] - nave (t,c)
Nave triforium with linkage for triple windows. Nave coursing connected to transepts.
Rationale for dating : the Transition "The Ark" 1:116 [*MCS - Strapper mode s10]
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- Unknown - 1170s [1174]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 17
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (t,c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1174]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 17
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (t,c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1174]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 17
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (t,c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1174]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 17
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (t,c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1174]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 17
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - nave (t,c)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 18 - 1170s [1176] - choir (a)
choir piers, arcade arches, bec capitals in chapel, twin-and oculus windows like plate but in courses, and vaults with tas-de-charge.
Rationale for dating : timetable in MCS #08; the Transition in "The Ark" 1:120 [*MCS - Applique]
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- Unknown - 1170s [1176]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 18
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1176]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 18
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1176]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 18
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1176]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 18
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (a)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1176]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 18
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (a)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 20 - 1170s [1177] - choir (g+)
choir gallery capitals and vaults. Lower flyers built with the wall.
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 20
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (g+)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 20
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (g+)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 20
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (g+)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 20
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (g+)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 20
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (g+)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 21 - 1170s [1177] - choir (t)
choir triforium shafts for linkage with twin windows, capitals for both triforium and high vaults.
Rationale for dating : [*MCS - Strapper mode]
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 21
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (t)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 21
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (t)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 21
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (t)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 21
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (t)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1170s [1177]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 21
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (t)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 22 - 1180s [1178] - choit (c)
choir clerestory external walkway.
Rationale for dating : the Transition "The Ark" 1:131
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- Unknown - 1180s [1178]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 22
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choit (c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s [1178]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 22
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choit (c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s [1178]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 22
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choit (c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s [1178]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 22
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choit (c)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s [1178]
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 22
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choit (c)
- total uncertainty
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Phase 23 - 1180s - choir (cw)
choir clerestory window capitals, fluted columns to support flyers, but renovations make it difficult to determine if there had been a walkway or supporting shafts.
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- Unknown - 1180s []
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 23
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (cw)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s []
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 23
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (cw)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s []
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 23
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (cw)
- total uncertainty
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- Unknown - 1180s []
- Châlons-en-Champagne- Phase 23
- Notre-Dame-en-Vaux - choir (cw)
- total uncertainty
